I. Introduction: World Civilization I is a 3 credit hour course that examines the historical development of World Civilizations from their pre-history and ancient beginnings to the early modern age. The course compares European, Greco-Roman, Asian, African, and American civilizations, encompassing Judaic, Christian, Islamic, Hindu & Asian religions, Greek, Chinese and Japanese philosophies and cultures, and Persian and Byzantine empires. It surveys each period’s major political, military, economic, social, cultural, philosophical and religious, and technological developments, events, and key historical personalities that have shaped and influenced world societies to this day. Prerequisites: successful completion of Western Civilization course H111.

II. General Course Objectives:

1. Acquire a basic knowledge and stimulate interest in the basic historical concepts of World Civilization, to include similarities and distinctions of diverse civilizations and cultures when examined in world perspective.

2. Develop understanding and an appreciation for the continuities of history and its affect and influence on both present and future world societies.

3. Analyze significant primary and secondary sources, and discuss the writings and views of historical figures. Examine their perception of historical ideas, developments and events of their lifetime which directly affected their society and culture, and continue indirectly to affect our own.

4. Develop and reinforce reading, writing, and verbal skills through reasoned analysis of the assigned readings, and through clear and concise discussion during class participation, and written essays/exams.

III. Grading Criteria:

A. Total GRADE Points = 100 points:

-Meaningful Participation/Assigned Learning Objectives-class discussion:

(preparation/contribution/attendance/Quiz & Thesis Statement => 10 points

- Test 1 => 10 “

-Research Project* (10-15 pages: due last class meeting) => 25 "

-Midterm ("World Civ" Text: Parts I&II) => 20 "

-Final Exam ("World Civ" Text: Parts I, II, and III) => 35 "

B. Numerical=> Letter Grades: 100-90 = A

89-80 = B

79-70 = C

69-60 = D

C. *Research Project: Write a 10-15 page double-spaced typed paper based on student's own research and analysis on one of the questions below. Use at least 4 other outside primary or secondary sources in addition to text. Your paper should thoroughly research, examine and answer ONE the following questions:

(1). Compare and contrast Judeo-Christian traditions and values with that of Hinduism.

(2). Compare and contrast ancient Greek ethical ideals with Chinese Confucianism and Taoism.

(3). Analyze the similarities and differences of the Roman Empire and the Chinese Han dynasty. (4). Compare and contrast Christian, Byzantium, and Islamic traditions, culture, and social values. (5). Analyze the impact of ancient China on Japanese culture and social and religious traditions.

(6). Compare and contrast the early development of ancient American and African civilizations.

Paper should clearly state your thesis and rationale addressing the selected question, objectively analyze relevant sides of the issue(s) identified, and present supporting rationale for your conclusion(s). Paper should be submitted in accordance with an appropriate Style Manual. Use at least 4 sources, but write the paper IN YOUR OWN WORDS (Cite all work! No www.net downloading as your own work). Paper is due last class day-ON TIME!

IV. Attendance: Complete attendance is strongly encouraged. Class discussions highlight significant areas of interests, and address and clarify potential tested material. In addition, 10% of your grade is based in part on class preparation, discussion of learning objectives, and Quizzes. (3 or more absences may result in a lower grade. 5 or more will result in failing the course.)(Note: No make-up Quiz or Test will be administered. No make-up exams will be given without a properly excused absence.)

V. Campbell University’s Purpose, Mission, and Policies: Campbell University is committed to helping students develop an integrated Christian personality characterized by a wholeness that includes: a method of critical judgment; an appreciation of our intellectual, cultural, and religious heritage; and a sensitive awareness of the world and society in which they live and work. The University’s Mission is to provide students with the option of a Christian World view, and is described further in the Campbell University Bulletin and the Government & History Department’s Assessment Records (Form B). Standards and Expectations regarding attendance and examination makeup are discussed in the Campbell University Bulletin and paragraph IV above. See Campbell University Bulletin, page 43, for drop-add and withdrawal policies.

VII. Textbook, Reading Materials:

Craig, A.M., et.al. The Heritage of World Civilizations (Volume 1) -6th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003 (latest edition). (Cited as "World Civ" or"Text" in syllabus)

Johnson, Oliver A., editor. Sources of World Civilization (Volume I), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000 (or latest edition). (Cited as "World Civ" or"Souces" in syllabus)

VIII. Course Outline:

A. Part I: The Coming of Civilization (Pre-history, Comparative Perspectives, and religions of the World).

1. Learning Objectives (Part I): Each chapter's Learning Objectives (presented below), along with Key terms, Review Questions, Exercises, and original document excerpts presented in the Text and student study guide, provide our focus of study. The learning objectives for each assigned chapter's reading will be discussed during the class meeting dates as scheduled below. Please complete the assigned chapter readings prior to the scheduled class meeting, and come to class prepared to discuss the assigned learning objectives.

Furthermore, the chronologies/dates presented in the beginning of Parts I, II, & III and throughout each chapter should be referenced as a general guide to significant events, personalities, and developments of the period studied. Note: Midterm and Final Exam questions will be based to a major extent on the learning objectives and key terms: the major events, personalities, concepts, and developments referenced in the text and cited in each chapter.

Learning Objectives:

a. Chapter 1- The Birth of Civilization:

(1). Examine early human history and the origins of civilization.

(2). Describe the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages.

(3). Examine the Neolithic "revolution," and analyze the conditions necessary for civilization’s emergence.

(4). Discuss the geographic determinants which shape and influence early development of world civilizations.

(5). Compare and contrast ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations.

(6). Discuss the role of the early Empire builders of the Near East during the Bronze Age.

(7). Examine early Indian civilization on the Indus river and later in Northern India.

(8). Trace the Neolithic origins and ancient dynasties of early Chinese civilizations.

(9). Outline the rise of early American civilization.

(10). Summarize the major accomplishments of the first civilizations.

b. Chapter 2- The Four Great Revolutions in Thought and Religion:

(1). Compare the four “great revolutions” in thought and religion.

(2). Examine the origins and teachings of the Chinese philosophies of Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism.

(3). Examine the significance of ancient India’s Upanishadic Worldview.

(4). Compare and contrast the Jain Tradition with the “middle path” of Buddhism.

(5). Outline early Hebrew historical origins, and explain the significance of the Hebrew’s view of one God.

(6). Examine ancient Greek philosophy, and the significance of reason when applied to nature and society.

(7). Compare and contrast the major philosophical ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

(8). Discuss the role and influence of religion and philosophy on ancient civilizations.

B. Part II: Empires and Cultures of the Ancient World.

1. Learning Objectives (Part II):

a. Chapter 3- Greek and Hellenistic Civilization:

(1). Examine the Minoan and Mycenaean roles in early Greek Civilization.

(2). Analyze the influence of Homer on Greek aristocratic values.

(3). Examine the emergence of Greek City-States and the role of the Hoplite.

(4). Discuss ancient Greek expansion and its establishment of colonies throughout the Mediterranean Sea.

(5). Describe the Tyrant’s role in ancient Greece’s historical evolution toward democracy.

(6). Discuss Greek religion and lyric poetry of the Archaic Age.

(7). Compare and contrast ancient Sparta and Athens.

(8). Examine the causes of Persian and Peloponnesian Wars; explain their impact on Greece’s Golden Age.

(9). Summarize the key characteristics of classic Greek Art and Drama.

(10). Describe Alexander the Great's role in shaping the Hellenistic Age.

(11). Contrast the ideas of Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, & Cynicism.

(12). Describe & explain the change in Hellenistic drama and art.

(13). Summarize the key features of Greek achievement.

b. Chapter 4- Iran, India, and Inner Asia to 200 A.D.:

(1). Examine the ancient historical background of the Iranians.

(2). Discuss ancient Iranian religion and the Zoroastrian Tradition.

(3). Describe the first Iranian Empire of the Persians and the Achaemenid rule and economy.

(4). Describe the first Indian Empire of the Mauryans, and the rule of Ashoka.

(5). Examine the post-Mauryan period, including its economic base, culture, religion, and society.

(6). Discuss the Hellenistic and Asian dynasties of the Seleucids, Indo-Greeks, Parthians, Sakas, and Kushans.

(7). Compare and contrast the accomplishments of Iran, India, and inner Asia to the second century A.D.

(8). Analyze the significance of their development and achievements in world perspective.

c. Chapter 5- Republican and Imperial Rome:

(1). Discuss Rome's geography and early history, and the Etruscan's role and influence.

(2). Outline how Rome's constitution emerged, and describe its structure.

(3). Describe the struggle of the orders and the impact of the 12 Tables.

(4). Examine Rome’s domestic and overseas expansion, and the resulting course of its wars.

(5). Discuss Greek influence on Rome's social, religious, and educational institutions.

(6). Discuss the impact of Roman Imperialism, and explain the significance of the rise of Rome's "new man."

(7). Analyze the Republic's decline, and the reasons for its collapse.

(8). Discuss Caesar’s role during the latter stages of the Republic.

(9). Outline Octavian's role in establishing the Empire's foundations.

(10). Examine Roman culture’s “high point” during the late Republic and reign of Augustus.

(11). Discuss Roman Empire’s administration, society, culture, and art & Literature during Pax Romana.

(12). Describe the rise of Christianity, and the role of Jesus of Nazareth, Paul of tarsus, and martyrdom.

(13). Examine the political, military, economic, and social origins of the Empire's Third Century Crisis.

(14). Analyze Diocletian's & Constantine's response to empire's crisis.

(15). Describe and explain the factors that contributed to Christianity's triumph during the late Empire.

(16). Examine Augustine's writings and discuss their influence on early Christian doctrine.

(17). Analyze the problem for determining the causes of the western Empire's decline.

(18). Examine Rome’s achievements and shortcomings as assessed in world perspective.

d. Chapter 6- Africa: Early History to 1000 A.D.:

(1). Describe the geography, climate, peoples, and languages of Africa.

(2). Examine Africa’s Wet Holocene period and its impact on early Saharan Cultures.

(3). Discuss the later Saharan dessication and its impact on neolithic Sudanic Cultures.

(4). Describe the early Iron Age Nok culture, and explain its significance.

(5). Trace the development of the Kushite kingdoms and subsequent Napatan and Merotic Empires.

(6). Describe the rise of the Aksumite Empire and the significance of its conversion to Christianity.

(7). Outline the key aspects of Africa’s early trade routes and States of the Western and Central Sudan.

(8). Discuss the culture of the Khoisan Peoples, and trace the Bantu migrations and diffusion.

(9). Outline the early history of East Africa.

(10). Explain the significance of pre-Islamic Africa’s contributions to world civilizations’ development.

Chapter 7- China’s First Empire (221B.C. - 220 A.D.):

(1). Discuss the Ch’in Dynasty’s unification of China, and explain the significance of its reforms.

(2). Describe the theory of the Dynastic Cycle, and explain its significance.

(3). Examine the Former Han Dynasty and the role of Han Wu Ti.

(4). Discuss the Later Han Dynasty, and describe its decline and the disunity that followed the Empire’s fall.

(5). Examine Han Confucianism, Neo-Taoism, and Buddhism, and assess Han historical scholarship.

(6). Compare and contrast the key forces and dynamics of Han China’s Empire with that of the Roman Empire.

(7). Review for MTX.

2. Parts I & II Course Requirements and Learning Activities (first half of semester):

a. Classroom Discussions and learning objectives: be prepared to discuss all chapter learning objectives,

Review Questions, and key terms.

b. Reading Assignments and student preparation: complete all reading assignments prior to class meetings.

c. Be prepared for unannounced quiz(1->3) on previously covered and planned learning objectives for scheduled

class date outlined below. Note: ALL Reading Assignments are due PRIOR to class date below:

Parts I & II Schedule of assigned Reading & Learning Objectives (01/08 – 02/26/03):

Week 1: Intro/Course overview (01/08/03);

Class 1a: Introduction/Course Overview; Review Text and syllabus; Discuss chapter objectives, student prep/part., research paper & exams; Read Chapter 1 prior to next class (1b).

Week 2:Chapter 1- The Birth of Civilization:

Class 1b: Student discussion of chapter 1 learning objectives 1-5;

Class 2: Text(chapter 1)=> class discuss remaining learning objectives 6-10.

Week 3: Chapter 2- The Four Great Revolutions in Thought and Religion:

Class 3: Text(chapter 2)=> class discuss learning objectives 1-4.

Class 4: Text(chapter 2)=> class discuss remaining learning objectives #5-7; Test on Part I.

Week 4: Chapter 3-Greek and Hellenistic Civilization:

Class 5: Text(chapter 3)=> class discuss learning objectives #1-7.

Class 6: Text(chapter 3)=> class discuss learning objectives #8-13.

Week 5: Chapter 4-Iran, India, and Inner Asia to 200 A.D.; Library- Research Paper/Thesis development:

Class 7: Text(chapter 4)=> discuss learning objectives #1-3; Library: formulate thesis statement for Res. Paper.

Class 8: Text(chapter 4)=> discuss learning objectives #4-8.

Week 6: Chapter 5- Republican and Imperial Rome:

Class 9: Text(chapter 5)=> discuss learning objectives #1-8.

Class10:Text(chapter 5)=> discuss learning objectives #9-18.

Week 7: Chapter 6- Africa: Early History to 1000 & Chapter 7- China’s First Empire (221 B.C.- 220 A.D.) :

Class11: Text(chapter 6)=> discuss learning objectives #1-10.

Class12: Text(chapter 7)=> discuss learning objectives #1-6.

Week 8: Course Review & Midterm Exam:

Class13: Review Parts I & II (Chapters 1-7) for Midterm Exam; Thesis statement for Research Paper due.

Class14: Conduct Midterm Exam (02/26/03).

Week 9: Spring Break:

Have a good and safe Spring Break.

B. Part III: Consolidation and Interaction of World Civilizations.

1. Unit Learning Objectives:

a. Chapter 8- Imperial China (589-1368):

(1). Discuss Chinese re-unification commencing with the Sui Dynasty, and describe Sui Wen-ti’s role.

(2). Outline the rise of the T’ang Dynasty, and describe it government structure.

(3). Compare and contrast rule of Emperor Hsan-Tsung with that of the Empress Wu.

(4). Explain the initial expansion and subsequent contraction and decline of the T’ang Empire.

(5). Describe T’ang culture and the influence of cosmopolitan, medieval Buddhist and secular spheres.

(6). Summarize the beliefs of the various Buddhist sects taught during the T’ang Empire .

(7). Discuss the revival of secular scholarship and the poetry of Li Po and Tu Fu.

(8). Examine the Sung dynasty and explain why the dynastic cycle can only describe this dynasty.

(9). Describe the agricultural and commercial revolutions of the Sung.

(10). Summarize the major changes in the government’s control and process made during the Sung.

(11). Explain why China considers the Sung culture the height of its traditional culture.

(12). Examine the work of the Sung Philosopher Chu Hsi, and explain its significance.

(13). Examine Sung Poetry and the work of Su Tung-P’o in contrast with poetry of the T’ang dynasty.

(14). Outline the rise of the Mongol Empire and describe the extent and structure of its rule.

(15). Describe the decline of the Yuan dynasty, and explain why the dynasty’s period was so short.

(16). Explain why China was able to recreate its empire 400 years after the Han’s fall, but Rome could not.

b. Chapter 9- Japan: Early History to 1467:

(1). Outline the early origins of the Japanese people.

(2). Explain the significance of the Yayoi revolution.

(3). Describe the 4-7th century Tomb Culture and explain its relationship to Yamato rulers and Korea.

(4). Describe the key aspects of the Shinto religion in early Japan.

(5). Describe the three stages of Japan’s adoption of higher Chinese civilization by the Nara and Heian courts.

(6). Examine the rise of the Sumurai, and describe their “warrior ethic.” (WH-page 260)

(7). Describe the Government structure of the Heian Court.

(8). Describe how the political power of the court shifted among the emperor, regents, and powerful families.

(9). Explain the influence of Chinese Tradition on Japanese literature.

(10). Examine early Japanese literature and the works of Murasaki Shikubu and Sei Shonagon.

(11). Compare and contrast Mayayana Buddhist Sects in T’ang China with Nara and Heisan Japan.

(12). Examine Japan’s early Feudal Age and the rise of Minamoto Yoritomo and the Kamakura bakufu.

(13). Discuss the role of Japanese women living in a warrior society.

(14). Describe the Ashikaga Era and the Kyoto bakufu.

(15). Contrast the teachings of “Pure Land,” Nichiren, and Zen Buddhism.

(16). Examine Japanese medieval culture and the No Plays.

(17). Examine early Japanese history as assessed from a world perspective.

c. Chapter 10- Iran and India Before Islam:

(1). Discuss the significance of the Parthian dynasty.

(2). Examine the Sasanid Empire and it society, economics, and religion.

(3). Describe the social unrest and economic inequality during the later Sasanid Empire, and Mazak’s role.

(4). Outline the political history of the Gupta Empire.

(5). Discuss the art, sculpture, literature, and education of the Gupta Culture.

(6). Examine the Gupta’s role in establishing India’s classical social and religious traditions.

(7). Describe the social hierarchy of India’s caste system, and explain its basis.

(8). Describe the key aspects of Hindu religious life, and the role of Vishnu and Shiva, and Krishna.

(9). Outline the two main strands of the Buddhist religious tradition: the Mahayana and the Theravada.

(10). Examine pre-Islamic Iran and India as assessed in world perspective.

d. Chapter 11- The Formation of Islamic Civilization (622-945):

(1). Outline the origins and early development of Islamic Civilization.

(2). Examine the role of Muhammad and explain the impact of the Qur’an.

(3). Trace the course of the early Islamic conquest, and examine the factors of Islamic success.

(4). Explain the Islamic world view, and outline the institutions and structure of the New Islamic Order.

(5). Contrast the divergent Islamic groups emerging after the first Islamic civil war.

(6). Examine the High Caliphate of the Umayyad and the Abbasids.

(5). Describe “classical” Islamic culture, and its intellectual traditions, language, literature, art & architecture.

(6). Examine the formation of Islamic Civilization as assessed in world perspective.

e. Chapter 12- The Early Middle Ages in the West to 1000: The Birth of Europe:

(1). Describe the decline of Roman authority in the West.

(2). Examine the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian.

(3). Explain the critical role that the Byzantine Empire played in the early development of the West.

(4). Examine the impact of Islam on both the East and West, and describe the West’s debt to Islam.

(5). Discuss the Roman Church’s development, monastic culture, Papal primacy, and the East-West schism.

(6). Examine the Kingdom of the Franks, and the important role of the Church.

(7). Explain the significance of Charlemagne’s reign (768-814) on Western Civilization’s development.

(8). Discuss the significance of the Carolingian Renaissance, and describe the role of Alcuin.

(9). Outline the break-up of the Carolingian Kingdom, and explain the impact of the Treaty of Verdun.

(10). Describe the Viking, Muslim, and Magyar invasions of the ninth and tenth centuries.

(11). Examine Feudal Society and its origins and characteristics.

(12). Examine the early Middle Ages as assessed in world perspective.

f. Chapter 13- The Islamic Heartlands and India (1000-1500):

(1). Examine the impact of the period’s consolidation and institutionalization of Sunni legal & religious norms.

(2). Discuss Sufi Piety and Organization, and explain its influence on Islamic society .

(3). Discuss the consolidation of Shi’ite traditions between the tenth and twelfth centuries.

(4). Outline the major western Islamic regional developments during the 8th-14th centuries.

(5). Outline the major eastern Islamic regional developments during the 9th-15th centuries.

(6). Examine the spread of Islam to India.

(7). Describe the major results of the Muslim-Hindu encounter.

(8). Outline the Islamic states and dynasties of India during the 13th through 16th centuries.

(9). Discuss the Hindu and Islamic religious and cultural accommodation.

(10). Examine the Islamic Heartlands and India (1000-1500) in world perspective.

g. Chapter 14- Ancient Civilizations of the Americas:

(1). Compare and contrast the rise of civilization in Mesoamerica with that of the “old world.”

(2). Examine the formative period of Mesoamerican civilization and emergence of the Olmec and Monte Alban.

(3). Discuss the emergence of writing and the Mesoamerican calendar.

(4). Examine the classic period in Mesoamerica. and the rise of Teotihuac'an.

(5). Describe Mayan civilization and the extent of their achievements. (continued next page).

(6). Explain why the Toltecs deserved their war-like reputation.

(7). Examine the Aztec Empire and describe their capitol, religion, and society.

(8). Describe the geography of Andean South America, and its impact on the early inhabitants.

(9). Outline the seven periods into which Andean civilization is divided.

(10). Examine the Inca Empire and describe its culture and society.

(11). Contrast the ancient civilizations of the Americas with that of the “old world.”

h. Chapter 15- Europe to the Early 1500 (1000-1500):

(1). Examine the revival of the western Empire, and describe the role of Otto I.

(2). Explain the significance of the Cluny reform movement, the investiture conflict, & Gregory VII.

(3). Trace the course of the First Crusades, and explain their significance.

(4). Discuss the revival of trade and towns, and resulting rise of the merchant class.

(5). Examine the growth of Cathedral schools, Universities, and scholasticism.

(6). Compare the established social order of medieval western society with that of India’s caste system.

(7). Contrast the evolving national monarchies of medieval England, France, and the Hohenstaufen Empire.

(8). Outline the major events of the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1443).

(9). Trace the spread of the Black Death and describe its impact on late medieval western society.

(10). Discuss the ecclesiastical breakdown of late medieval church, and the roles of Pope Boniface & King Phillip.

(11). Examine the Great Schism and the Conciliar movement,.

(12). Examine the politics, culture, Humanism, and art of the Italian Renaissance.

(13). Describe the greatest works and significance of Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo.

(14). Discuss Italy’s political decline and the French invasions (1494-1527).

(15). Explain the significance of Niccolo Machiavelli and his impact on modern politics.

(16). Discuss Medieval Russia’s politics and society, and describe the impact of Mongol conquest and rule.

(17). Describe 15th century “nation building” and revival of the monarchy in France, Spain, and England.

(18). Examine the High Middle Ages in world perspective.

2. Course Requirements/Learning Activities (2nd half of semester):

a. Classroom Discussions/learning objectives/chapter Review Questions.

b. Reading Assignments due PRIOR to class date below:

Parts III & IV Assigned Reading & Learning Objectives (03/10-04/24/03):

Week 10: Chapter 8- Imperial China (589-1369):

Class 15: MTX Review; Text (chapter 8)=> class discuss learning objectives 1-7.

Class 16: Text(chapter 8)=> Student discussion of remaining chapter learning objective 8-16.

Week 11: Chapter 9- Japan: early History to 1467:

Class 17: Text(chapter 9)=> class discuss learning objectives 1-11;

Class 18: Text(chapter 9)=> class discuss remaining learning objectives #12-17.

Week 12: Chapter 10-Iran and India Before Islam & Chapter 11-Islamic Civilization (622-945):

Class 19: Text(chapter 10)=> class discuss learning objectives #1-10;

Class 20: Text(chapter 11)=> class discuss learning objectives #1-6.

Week 13: Chapters 12 The Early Middle Ages in the West to 1000 (Birth of Europe):

Class 21: Text(chapter 12)=> discuss learning objectives #1-5; Thesis refinement & research;

Class 22: Text(chapter 12)=> discuss learning objectives #6-10.

Week 14: Chapter 13- Islamic Heartlands & India (1000-1500):

Class23: Text(chapter 13)=> discuss learning objectives #1-5.

Class24: Text(chapter 13)=> discuss learning objectives #6-10.

Week 15: Chapter 14-Ancient Civilizations of Americas & Chapter 15a-Europe to Early 1500 (1000-1500):

Class25: Text(chapter 14)=> discuss learning objectives #1-11.

Class26: Text(chapter 15a)=> discuss learning objectives #1-11.

Week 16: Chapter 15b-Italian Renaissance & Parts III & IV Review/Exam Preparation & Reading Day:

Class27: Text(chapter 15b)=> discuss learning objectives #12-18.

Class28: Final Exam Preparation and Review/study (Parts III); Research Paper Due (04/23/03).

FINAL EXAM (Parts I, II, with emphasis on Part III) (administered between 04/25-05/01/03).

Extra Credit (0->5 points): Extra Credit Research Project: Write a 8-10 page double-spaced typed paper based on student's own research and analysis of the European Expansion into Africa and/or the Americas and its impact on the historical development of each civilization affected (See Chapters 17 &18 of Text). Use at least three other outside primary or secondary sources in addition to text (total:4). Your paper should: Examine the European conquest of Africa and/or America, and evaluate the positive and negative impact on the modern world from a global perspective. (Extra Credit Paper is due the day of the Final Exam.)