Gov/History 315

VII. Course Outline- Schedule of learning objectives, lecture topics, and readings: Examine, analyze, assess, and discuss the following Chapter learning objective and lecture topics as outlined in the class schedule below:

PART I

Week 1: Introduction and Course Overview (08/21/02):

Class : Introduction/Course Overview; Review Texts and syllabus;

Discuss: => learning objectives, student preparation & participation, policy analysis paper, and exams;

Read Powaski text -Chapter 1 prior to next class- (class for 08/26).

Note: ALL Reading Assignments are due PRIOR to class on the date as scheduled below:

Week 2: Powaski-Chapter 1- The US and the Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1939: (08/26 - 08/28/02):

Class: US role in WWI; Wilson’s Worldview (“14 Points”); Bolshevik Revolution; US role in Russian Civil War; “Red Scare;” US non-recognition of USSR, economic policy and relations; US and Soviet policy

regarding Nazi Germany. Assessment. Reminder: e-mail topic selection for written assignment- due.

Week 3: Powaski-Chapt 2- FDR and the Grand Alliance (1940-1945); & Judge/pages 1-12: (09/02 - 09/04):

Class: Diplomatic recognition (1933); Obstacles to US-Soviet cooperation with regard to Germany and Japan;

US & Britain strategic partnership; “Big Three” grand strategy disagreement on western front timing;

wartime conferences: Tehran, Moscow, Yalta: Poland’s post-war borders. Assessment.

Week 4: Powaski-Chapt 3- Truman, Kennan & Containment (1946-52);& Judge/pages 13-73: (09/09- 09/11):

Class: Defeat of Germany and Japan & end of WWII; Collapse of alliance over Berlin, Germany, Poland,

Eastern Europe, and US atomic weapon monopoly; Kennan’s “Long Telegram,” “X” article and the

theoretical basis and rationale for containment: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO.

National Security Council (NSC) Cold War Strategy; Psychological Planning Board; NSC-68 and

containment policy and strategy in practice; Covert Action and the Korean War; Assessment.

Week 5: Powaski-Chapt 4- Ike & Globalization of Cold War (1953-60); & Judge/pages 74-112:(09/16- 09/18):

Class: Death of Stalin: opportunity lost?; “Red Scare;” Berlin Conference-1954; Ike/Dulles “New Look” & “massive retaliation;” the failure of “liberation” and “roll back;” & Crises in Europe (Eastern Europe,

Hungarian Revolution, Berlin); Asian Crisis (China, Taiwan Straits, and threat to Quemoy/Matsu);

Soviet acquisition of nuclear weapons and America’s reluctant return to conservative containment;

Spread of Cold War to “3rd” World (“domino theory,” Eisenhower Doctrine, Iran, Guatemala);

Covert Operations (1953-1960); Assessment. Reminder: e-mail Annotated bibliography -due.

Week 6: Powaski-Chapt 5- JFK/LBJ: Confrontation and Cooperation (1960-69); (09/23- 09/25):

Class: Cuba and the Bay of Pigs disaster; Vienna Summit and the status quo of Laos; 1961 Berlin Crisis;

Flexible Response; Cuban Missile Crisis; Limited Test Ban Treaty; Sino-Soviet split; Peace Corps;

Johnson Doctrine; “peaceful engagement;” “stillborn” Detente;” Kennedy-Johnson legacy.

Week 7: Powaski-Chapts 4/5- Origins & Escalation of Vietnam War (1954-69); &Judge/113-152:(9/30- 10/02):

Class: Dien Bien Phu; US rejection of Ho & support of French Colonial rule w/Bao Dai; US rejection of Geneva Accords; JFK’s counterinsurgency program and expansion of US advisor role; LBJ escalation

and “Americanization” of Vietnam War (Gulf of Tonkin incident & resolution, Pleiku attack, Operation “Rolling Thunder”); Strategy of Attrition and gradual escalation, and strategic and diplomatic failure;

The 1968 Tet Offensive and the loss of popular support; LBJ’s withdrawal from presidential politics;

Covert Operations against Hanoi (1964-1968); Assessment.

Week 8: Course Review and Midterm Exam: (10/07-10/09):

Class: Make up class and review of course to date; Midterm Exam administered on 9 Oct.

Student identify & hand in Cold War issue selected for written assignment, w/4 or more references;

**Note: 10-13 October => Fall Break. (Have a good and safe break).**

PART II

Week 9: Powaski-Chapt 6- Nixon, Kissinger, Ford: Detente, (1969-77); & Judge/153-178: (10/14 - 10/16):

Class: Nixon Doctrine & Henry Kissinger’s role, “China card” and Detente; 1972 Moscow Summit;

Peace with Honor- Nixon-Kissinger’s new strategy to end Vietnam War (“Vietnamization”);

Covert operations against North Vietnam supply lines/safe havens in Cambodia & Laos;

Triangular Diplomacy; 1972 Tet offensive; “Peace is at hand”?(31Oct72); “Christmas Bombing” &

blockade; Paris Peace Settlement; Protests, Watergate, Church Committee imposes CIA sanctions;

Fall of Saigon; “40 Committee” and covert action against Chile; Helsinki Final Act- 1975; Assessment.

Week 10: Powaski-Chapt 7- Carter, Vance, & “Zbig” (1977-1981); & Judge/178-204: (10/21 - 10/23):

Class: Research Paper preparation (10/21); CW-7: Conflicting world views of Carter’s foreign policy team;

Arms Control Negotiations; Human Rights; Policies in Latin America, Korea, Middle East;

Iranian Revolution & Hostage Crisis & Desert One; Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan;

Carter Doctrine & RDJTF; Sandinistas in Nicaragua; Salt II; Increased Defense spending; Assessment.

Week 11: Powaski-Chapt 8- Reagan and the “Evil Empire” (1981-1984); & Judge/204-221: (10/28- 10/30):

Class: Grand Strategy: “Clear and Present Danger”?; Reagan Doctrine, Grenada, and “freedom fighters;”

Bill Casey, Ollie North and Covert Action; Jeane Kirkpatrick: “authoritarian” vs. “totalitarian” regimes; Reagan Doctrine on International Terrorism & Middle East; Persian Gulf shipping protection operations; NSDD-32; Nuclear Weapons Control (what’s in a name?); the confrontation escalates: KAL 007;

“Star Wars;” Assessment. Reminder: Rough Draft of research paper should be completed.

Week 12: Powaski-Chapt 8- Reagan & Gorbachev=>“Sea Change” (1985-88); & Judge/222-244:(11/04-11/06):

Class: Gorbachev’s rise to power and the “New Thinking;” US suspicion and reassessment; “Able Archer,”

The KGB & Reagan’s change of attitude; Key Summits: Geneva & Reykjavik; Nuclear and

Conventional Force reductions: the “Zero Option,” INF Treaty, and CFE; the end of Brezhnev

Doctrine and Soviet retreat from 3rd World liberation policy and strategy; End of the “Evil Empire;” Assessment.

Week 13: Powaski-Chapt 9- Bush, Gorbachev, and the beginning of the end (1989=1991); (11/11-11/13):

Class: Bush & gradual reassessment of US national security strategy toward Soviet Union; 1989 -

Year of Revolution in Eastern Europe; Malta Summit ‘89; USSR in decline; Fall of Berlin Wall;

German Re-unification; CFE Treaty; Panama, Gulf War & the Soviet Union’s limited role & influence.

Week 14: Powaski-Chapt 9- Yeltsin and the End of the Cold War (1991-1992) & Judge/244-261:(11/18-11/202):

Class: Gorbachev’s power declines; August Coup attempt and the rise of Yeltsin; Collapse of the Soviet Union;

the New World Order; Conclusion: Who won the Cold War? (who, how & why?).

Week 15: Cold War’s Legacy: Clinton and the Post-Cold War Era (1993- present); (11/25- 11/27):

Class: Post-Cold war changes and new political and economic realities: formulating US policy toward Eastern

Europe & “the former Soviet Union;” US response to turmoil in Russia, Chechnya, and the Balkans;

Expansion of NATO; Clinton administration’s initial support for UN lead in Peace Keeping operations:

the Balkans and Africa; Peace Keeping vs. Peace Enforcement: disaster in and US-UN policy

reassessment; Dismantling Russia’s nuclear weapons capability and the threat of nuclear proliferation;

International and domestic Terrorism and the growing threat of weapons of mass destruction;

US political and economic policy toward Cuba, Iraq, and North Korea in contrast to that toward China;

Clinton’s foreign policy legacy: Ireland and the Middle East.

Week 16: Conclusion & Assessment; Class Make-up and Review; Final Examination prep(12/02-12/04/2002:*

Class: Conclusion/Assessment: evolving impact of Cold War on US foreign policy and national security;

Class Make-up and review of material covered in preparation for Final Examination;

Final Draft of Research Paper Policy Analysis paper due to be completed (12/04).

Note: Turn in all outstanding work due, including any extra credit.

FINAL EXAM** => (12/09 => 12/13/2002 **Specific Date/Time/Place TBA).

VIII. Student Requirements: Class Participation and Written Research Projects: Specific guidance for student participation in class discussions and preparation for research and analysis projects are outlined below:

A. Student Participation (20 points): All students should come prepared to discuss the Chapter learning objectives scheduled for class discussion and outlined in paragraph VII above (see pages 2 & 3). Furthermore, all students will have the opportunity to lead class discussions at least once during each half of the course (total of 2). Therefore, beginning for Class Week 3, two students will select and sign up for one class week’s chapter readings from those scheduled for discussion by paragraph VII above. Both students will be prepared to address issues raised by the class and the instructor during discussion of the topics and chapter learning objectives which are highlighted in bold print on pages 2 & 3 of the syllabus. An original sign up sheet for students’ selection will be distributed by the instructor during class. (An example sign up sheet is attached to the syllabus.)

B. Research & Analysis Project (25 points): Write a 10-15 page double-spaced typed paper based on student's own research and analysis on one of the questions below. Use at least 4 other outside primary or secondary sources in addition to text. Paper should clearly state your thesis and rationale addressing the selected question, objectively analyze relevant sides of the issue(s) identified, and present supporting rationale for your conclusion(s). Paper should be submitted in accordance with an appropriate Style Manual. Use at least 4 sources, but write the paper IN YOUR OWN WORDS (Cite all work! No www.net downloading as your own work). Paper is due 4 Dec 2002. Your paper should thoroughly research, analyze and address ONE the following questions:

- Analyze W. Wilson’s motives for intervening in Russia’s civil war, and assess this intervention’s impact on future US-Soviet relations during the 20^th century.

- Analyze FDR’s dealings w/ Stalin during WW2; assess whether FDR was naive or a shrewd statesman.

- Of three interpretations of the Cold War’s origins, analyze the one that you agree with, and explain why.

- Examine the major obstacles to improved US-Soviet relations evident during the Eisenhower Administration, and assess Eisenhower’s efforts to overcome them.

- Assess the effectiveness of US containment policy during the Kennedy administration.

- Assess LBJ’s political (diplomatic) & military strategies during the Vietnam War.

- Examine Henry Kissenger’s role in formulating US foreign policy during the Nixon Administration.

- Examine the key features of the Nixon Doctrine & assess its efficacy.

- Assess Nixon’s “new strategy” to end the Vietnam War.

- Assess the efficacy of Nixon’s Triangular Diplomacy in ending US participation in the Vietnam War; explain how & why it worked or didn’t work.

- Explain the impact of the Tet Offensive of 1968 on the US.

- Assess the impact did Watergate have on US foreign policy?

- What role did the Church Committee play in shaping post-Vietnam US foreign policy, particularly US intelligence capabilities through 9/11/2001?

- Describe and assess the role of the “40 committee” with regard to covert action in Chile.

- Explain the significance of the Helsinki Final Act-1975.

- Did Nixon accomplish his goal of “Peace with Honor”? - explain why or why not.

- Assess the nature and purpose of Detente during the Nixon Adminstration..

- Contrast the foreign policy views of Brzezinski and Vance, and describe their influence on Carter and US foreign policy during late 1970s.

- Examine Carter’s view and core values, and how they influenced US foreign policy in the Middle East.

- Explain how US policy changed toward China during the Carter Administration, and why.

- Explain the impact of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on Pres. Carter and US foreign policy.

- Examine the Carter Doctrine, and the role of the RDJTF.

- Assess how Carter dealt with the Iranian Hostage crisis.

- Assess the pros and cons of Carter’s role in foreign policy throughout his Administration.

- Examine Reagan’s Grand Strategy, and assess the role of the Committee on Present Danger.

- Explain the Reagan Doctrine, and assess its effectiveness in dealing with the 3rd World in the near to long term.

- Assess the role of Jean Kirkpatrick in formulating US foreign policy ideas during the Reagan Administration.

- Examine the Reagan Doctrine on International Terrorism and the Middle East, and assess its efficacy.

- Assess the impact of Ostpolitik on the efficacy of NSDD-32 and Reagan Doctrine toward East Europe.

- Explain Reagan’s resistance to Nuclear Arms Control, and its impact.

- Assess the impact or exercise Able Archer on the KGB, and how its reaction influenced a change in Reagan’s attitude toward the Soviet Union. - what other factors influenced this change?

- Explain Gorbachev’s new thinking, and what factors influenced it.

- Examine Reagan’s initial reluctance to accept Gorbachev’s friendly initiatives as sincere, and what changed his mind.

- Examine the results and their significance on the Key US-USSR summits at Geneva and Reykjavik.

- Describe the dramatic changes in US-Soviet relations during Reagan’s final year in office, and assess their impact and significance.

- Analyze the Soviet retreat from Eastern Europe and the 3rd world.

- Who won the Cold War, if anyone, and why? - Analyze the major factors contributed to its end?

- Examine the major events of 1989 that led to the liberalization of Eastern Europe, and Gorbachev’s role.

- Analyze the so called “New World Order” of Bush senior’s Administration.

- Assess the significance of the Malta Summit, and explain why some historians call it the “symbolic end” of the Cold War.

- Examine the major events leading to the downfall of the Soviet Union during 1990-91, and explain their role and impact in USSR’s demise.

- Examine Bush’s relationship with Gorbachev, and outline the difficulties Bush had in dealing with a weakened Soviet leader.

- Explain how Bush facilitated Gorbachev’s acquiesce to a unified Germany with NATO membership.

- examine Chancellor Kohl’s role in facilitating it.

- Analyze the Soviet Union’s limited role and influence during the Persian Gulf War.

- Examine the role and significance of the major treaties of the Cold War.

- Contrast Bush’s and Gorbachev’s role in the emerging New World Order of the 3rd World.

- Examine the factors and key events that led to Gorbachev’s political decline during 1991, and assess their impact on both Gorbachev and US-USSR relations.

- Contrast the impact of the August Coup on Gorbachev & Yeltsin.

- Analyze the key events of August-December 1991 that directly contributed to the demise of the USSR.

- Assess the impact of Bush’s actions toward the end of the Soviet Union, and his hesitation to accept Yeltsin’s ever growing dominate role.

- Assess the Bush Administration’s policy toward the Soviet Union. Was it correct and timely? Explain why or why not.

- Summarize the major factors that contributed to the end of the Cold War, and explain their significance.

- Summarize the major post-Cold War changes and new political and economic realities that now shape US foreign policy toward East Europe and the “former Soviet Union.”

- Trace how US national security strategy for US intervention abroad changed through out and following the Cold War.

- Contrast the US military role in Peacekeeping with that of Peacemaking and Nation Building.

- explain the most serious pitfalls of “mission creep.”

- Examine the changing international threat environment since the Cold War.

- Assess Clinton’s legacy with regard to his influence on future foreign policy priorities and policy process

(Note: the above questions will also provide the source from which all exam essay questions will be selected.)

C. Extra Credit (0->5 points): Extra Credit Research Project: Write a 8-10 page double-spaced typed paper based on student's own research and analysis of the Cold War period and its impact on current US national security policy. Use at least three other outside primary or secondary sources in addition to text (total:4). Your paper should examine and answer the following question:

What role, if any, did the “Cold War” era play in shaping current US national security policy?

Paper should clearly state your thesis and rationale addressing this question, and objectively analyze relevant sides of the issue and present supporting rationale for your conclusion(s). Paper should be submitted in accordance with an appropriate Style Manual. Use at least 4 outside sources, but write the paper in your own words. Paper is due Day of Final Exam -> ON TIME!

IX. Cold War Supplemental Reading list (optional):

Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. Basic Books, New York, 1999.

Boll, Michael M., National Security Planning: Roosevelt Through Reagan. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 1988.

Colby, William & Peter Forbath, Honorable Men-My Life in the CIA. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1978.

Doughty, Robert, A. and Ira D. Gruber, et. al., American Military History and the Evolution of Warfare in the Western World. D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Mass., 1996. (available in Campbell U. bookstore).

Emerson, Steven, Secret Warriors: Inside Covert Military Ops of Reagan Era. Putnam Sons, NY, 1988.

Judge, Edward & John and Langdon, A Hard and Bitter Peace: A Global History of the Cold War, Prentice Hall , New Jersey, 1996.

Haas, Michael E., In the Devil’s Shadow: U.N. Special Operations During the Korean War.

Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 2000.

Holober, Frank, Raiders of the China Coast: CIA Covert Operations During the Korean War,

Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1999.

Kissinger, Henry, Diplomacy. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY, 1994.

MaNamara, Robert S., In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. Random House, New York, 1995.

Mitrovich, Gregory, Undermining The Kremlin: America’s Strategy To Subvert the Soviet Bloc. 1947-1956. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 2000.

Schier, Steven E., ed., The Post Modern Presidency, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 2000.

Shultz, Richard H., The Secret War Against Hanoi: Kennedy’s and Johnson’s Use of Spies, Saboteurs, and Covert Warriors in North Vietnam. Harper Collins Publishers, New York, NY, 1999.

Suvorov, Viktor, Inside Soviet Military Intelligence. Macmillan Publishing, New York, 1984.

Treverton, Gregory F., Covert Action: The Limits of Intervention In The Postwar World. Basic Books, New York, 1987.

Student Led Class Discussion Sign up(example)

Student Participation: All students should come prepared to discuss the Chapter learning objectives scheduled for class discussion and outlined in paragraph VII above (see pages 2 & 3). Furthermore, all students will have the opportunity to lead class discussions at least once during each half of the course (total of 2). Therefore, beginning for Class Week 3, two students will select one class week’s chapter readings from the ones scheduled for discussion by paragraph VII. Both students will be prepared to address issues raised by the class and the instructor during discussion of the topics and chapter learning objectives which are highlighted in bold print on pages 2 & 3 of the syllabus. An original sign up sheet for students’ selection will be distributed by the instructor during class.

Part I

Week 3: Powaski-Chapt 2- FDR and the Grand Alliance (1940-1945); & Judge/pages 1-12: (09/02 - 09/04):

1.________________________________ 2. _____________________________

Week 4: Powaski-Chapt 3- Truman, Kennan & Containment (1946-52);& Judge/pages 13-73: (09/09- 09/11):

1.________________________________ 2. _____________________________

Week 5: Powaski-Chapt 4- Ike & Globalization of Cold War (1953-60); & Judge/pages 74-112:(09/16- 09/18):</