§ US Role in Russian Civil War:

¨ Reluctant Expansion of US Intervention;

¨ Supreme War Council appeals;

¨ Wilson’s OK with conditions;

§ War in Russia:

¨ Japan’s Agenda => Manchuria;

¨ British & French Agenda => overthrow Bolsheviks;

¨ US Combat Actions;

¨ Wilson’s Agenda;

§ Soviet Diplomatic Overtures (1919):

¨ Soviet Motive & Agenda;

¨ West’s & Wilson’s Reaction;

§ Bullitt Mission:

¨ Another Failed Diplomatic Attempt;

¨ Internal DOS disagreement;

§ Hoover-Nansen Plans:

¨ Churchill’s scheme;

¨ Nansen Plan => conditions for food distribution;

§ American Withdrawal From Russia:

¨ Growing Congressional Pressure;

¨ US Withdrawal from North (222 KIA);

¨ Conditions for US Support in South;

§ General Kolchak’s Collapse;

¨ Soviet Victory;

§ US Domestic Politics: First Red Scare:

¨ Attorney General Mitchell Palmer;

¨ Impact on American Public;

§ US “Non-recognition” of Soviet Union:

¨ Wilson’s Rationale;

¨ DOS Rationale;

§ Conditional Lifting of US Trade Embargo:

¨ Dealing with Soviets “at your own risk”;

¨ Trade Impediments;

§ Recognition Prospects: new GOP Administration:

¨ New GOP Economic Policy?

¨ GOP Conditions for Recognition of USSR;

§ American Relief Administration (ARA):

¨ Unfulfilled Expectations;

¨ Unexpected Results;

§ Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) & Concessions:

¨ Soviet Attempts to Attract Western Investments;

¨ Western Capitalists Response;

¨ Contract Method as Successful Alternative;

§ Problems with Continued Non-Recognition Policy:

¨ Economic Environment – US Depression of 1930s;

¨ Business and Congressional Pressures for Trade;

¨ Ideological Interests vs. Political & Economic Interests;

§ Assessment:

¨ US Intervention Motives & National Security Objectives;

¨ Wilson’s Preferred Strategy for Intervention of USSR;

¨ Wilson’s Attempt to Restrict US Involvement;

¨ Near Term Success/Failure and Long Term Impact?